What is depression?

Depression, or major depressive disorder, is a mood disorder that affects how a person feels, thinks, and manages daily activities. It’s a common mental health condition that can impact anyone, from children to adults and the elderly.

Symptoms of depression

People with depression often experience persistent sadness or a sense of emptiness. This isn’t just feeling “down” for a day or two; it’s a deep, long-lasting feeling that can make daily tasks feel overwhelming. Symptoms of depression may include:

• Feelings of hopelessness or helplessness

• Lack of interest in hobbies or activities once enjoyed

• Lack of motivation

• Difficulty concentrating or remembering details

• Changes in sleep patterns (sleeping too little or too much)

• Changes in appetite (eat too little or too much)

• Thoughts of suicide or self-harm

Types of depression

There are different types of depressive disorder and are often classified based on onset, duration, frequency and intensity of symptoms. For example, some people experience symptoms that cycle with the seasons (Seasonal Affective Disorder), while others may have depression connected to a specific event or physical health condition.

Treatment for depression

Treatment for depression usually involves a combination of therapy and, in some cases, medication management. Here’s a look at the options available:

1. Talking with a therapist
   A mental health professional can provide therapy to help you work through the underlying issues contributing to depression. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), for example, is a common approach that helps people identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors. Therapy sessions can provide a safe space to explore emotions, build coping skills, and set goals for moving forward.

2. Medication management
   For some, medication can play an essential role in managing depression. Antidepressant medications, prescribed by a psychiatrist or other qualified healthcare provider, can help adjust brain chemicals linked to mood and emotions. Medication doesn’t work instantly; it can take a few weeks to feel the effects, and some people may need to try different types before finding one that works best for them.

3. Lifestyle and support
   In addition to therapy and medication, making lifestyle adjustments can also be beneficial. Regular exercise, even short walks, can improve mood by releasing endorphins. Eating a balanced diet, prioritizing sleep, and building a solid support network with friends and family can all support recovery. Some people also find that mindfulness practices, like meditation, help them manage stress.

Getting help

If you or someone you know is struggling with depression, reaching out for help can make a big difference. Speaking to a therapist or healthcare provider is often the first step. Depression is treatable, and with the right approach, people can find relief and return to a fulfilling life.

If you’re in crisis

Your well-being is incredibly important, and help is available. If you or someone you know is experiencing a mental health crisis, please reach out immediately:

National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: For immediate assistance, call 988 or text HELLO to 741741. Trained counselors are available 24/7 to provide support and assistance.

Please reach out—help is available, and you don’t have to go through this alone.